Supply chain Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Supply chain - Assignment Example The success of the company relies on a strategy of volume rather than margin through the reinvestment of productivity gains in the form of lower prices. A special feature of the company is that it does not seem to take the paths agreed by its competitors. In the late 1970s, company undertook a radical revision of the distribution system and 20 years later, it became one of the first profitable company in the field of nutrition (Collinson, 2007). Sir Jack Cohen founded the company in 1929 and named it as Tesco. This acronym combines the letters of the tea supplier and partner (TE Stock well) with those of Sir Cohen. The group opened its first grocery store in the suburbs of London, and it was during the 1930s that it began its growth by adding a hundred outlets, mainly in the British capital. After a visit to the United States, Mr. Cohen returned to England with the aim of importing the model of self-service supermarkets. He developed the formula Tesco â€Å"put products into a high pile and sell low" (Pile it high and sell it cheap). This formula has been the philosophy of the company for several decades. It has gained its success and accomplishments based on this formula in the right way. After World War II, the company continued its growth in the targeted segment of the working class. Through a series of acquisitions, the company had more than 800 outlets by the late 1960s. Moreover, the regulation of time prevented some items to be sold at a loss (in the price agreed with the suppliers) to attract customers in the retail sale. Only large chains were subjected to this regulation that excluded independent stores. To overcome this limitation, the Tesco management decided to launch a system of tradable stamps (trading stamps). The customer who purchases at Tesco can accumulate stamps. When it has a certain number, it can be exchanged against a sum of money or gift product. This system has proved to be very popular and has increased sales. In 1964, regulations o n price controls were abolished and Tesco has launched a strategic price reduction while maintaining its stamp system. Now, Tesco is an international distribution group which represents 14 countries in all. In 2008, its market capitalization was $ 34.84 billion Euros and its turnover reached 80 billion Euros, which placed the group at the forefront in UK and fourth in the world behind Wal-Mart & Carrefour. The headquarters of this global group is located near Chesnutt, London where Sir Terry Leahy is CEO since 1997 (Christmann, 2006). Discussion Internationalisation Internationalisation is the process by which relations over greater distances are contracted, and thus extend over national borders. The parent organisation opens its branches all around the world to increase its level of sales and profitability. This is a result of both globalisation and regionalisation. Organisations tend to gain strong advantages by operating on an international mode. As a result, national governments are bound by their policy to international agreements and developments

Religious Differences in the Early New England Colonies Essay Example for Free

Religious Differences in the Early New England Colonies Essay New England Colonies were established by people who were exile because of their religious beliefs, Most were known as separist. Most wanted to escapes and break free from the Anglican Church which was also known as the Church of England. They wanted the freedom to worship God in their own way. Yet, they however did not want to extend the freedom to everyone. Those who wanted to â€Å"purify† the Church of England were known as the puritans. They believe the Church of England was too similar to the Catholics in structure and ceremony. The puritans specially were intolerant to those who did not believe in their beliefs. The puritans were known as the non separists, the separists were people who wanted to completely break free from the Church of England. Also there was a group called the Antinomians in which Anne Hutchinson and her supporters opposed to the rule of law. The Quakers whom believed that they did not need to learn from ministry, since one person’s interpretation of the scripture was as valid as anyone else’s. It was religions such as these and others that caused different people to break free and go to different parts of the New World so that they can be free to practice their beliefs, In the new world most were able to practice their own beliefs while yet some were exiled, driven out, or accepted into their colonies. Regardless of which, religion was the common factor for people leaving the old world and forming New England Colonies in the New World.

Political Climate Of 19th Century And Nationalism History Essay

Political Climate Of 19th Century And Nationalism History Essay 1. Introduction In this unit I shall introduce you the various aspects of Indian National Movement during its earlier phase. Resistance to British rule had always been there, but it was in 1857 that large sections of Indian people in various regions made a combined effort to overthrow the British. That is why it is often termed as the first war of independence. Due to certain weaknesses the uprising was crushed by the British, but as far as the struggle was concerned there was no going back. This inspired a new kind of struggle. The intelligentsia, which earlier believed in the benevolence of British rule, now came forward to expose its brutality. Political associations were formed and the Indian National Congress played a vital role in directing the freedom struggle. The main focus of this unit is the role of moderates and militant nationalists and the efforts made during the Swadeshi Movement to involve the masses into the freedom struggle. This was also a period of cultural renaissance as far as the Indian society is concerned. Many social and religious reformers took up the battle against the social and religious evils that existed in our society. This contributed immensely towards the making of a new India. 2. Pre-Gandhi Era 2.1. The First War of Independence In 1857, there occurred a revolt, popularly known as the Indias First War of Independence, where millions of soldiers, artisans and peasants made a combined effort to overthrow foreign rule. The Revolt was, however, a no sudden occurrence. It was the culmination of nearly a century-old discontent with the British policies and imperialist exploitation. The British conquered India and colonized its economy and society through a prolonged process. This process led to continuous resistance by the people through a series of civil rebellions led by deposed rulers, impoverished zamindars and poligars (landed military magnates in South India) and ex-officials of the conquered Indian states. The mass base of these rebellions came from the ruined peasants and artisans and demobilized soldiers. Starting with the Sanyasi rebellion and Chuar uprising in Bengal and Bihar in the 1760s, there was hardly a year without armed opposition or a decade without a major armed rebellion in one part of the co untry or the other. From 1763 to 1856 there were more than 40 major rebellions apart from hundreds of minor ones. Though massive in their totality, these rebellions were, however, wholly local in character and effects and were isolated from each other. 2.1.1. Causes The Revolts of 1857 started on 10 May when the Companys Indian soldiers (sepoys) at Meerut rebelled, killed their European officers, marched to Delhi, entered the Red Fort and proclaimed the aged and powerless Bahadur Shah 11 (who still bore the prestigious name of the Mughals) as the Emperor of India. The Companys sepoys had many grievances against their employers, ranging from declining material and other service conditions to religious interference and racial arrogance. But basically they reflected the general discontent with British rule. They were after all a part of Indian society and they were peasants in uniform. The hopes, desires, despair and discontent of other sections of Indian society were reflected in them. The sepoys rebellion was a product of the accumulated grievances of the Indian people. The most important underlying cause of the Revolt was the disruption of the traditional Indian economy and its subordination to British economy and the intense economic exploitation of the country. Above all, the colonial policy of intensifying land revenue demand led to a large number of peasants losing their land to revenue farmers, traders and moneylenders. Destruction of traditional handicrafts ruined and impoverished millions of artisans. The economic decline of peasantry a nd artisans was reflected in 12 major and numerous minor famines from 1770 to 1857. 2.1.2. Extent and intensity The Revolt of 1857 swept Northern India like a hurricane. Nearly half of East India Companys Indian soldiers rebelled. Everywhere in Northern India, the soldiers rebellion was followed by popular revolts of the civilian population. According to one estimate, of the total number of about 1,50,000 men who died fighting the English in Avadh, over 1,00,000 were civilians. The Revolt soon embraced a wide area engulfing Avadh, Rohilkhand, the Duab, the Bundelkhand, Central India, large parts of Bihar, and East Punjab. There were uprising in Rajasthan at Nasirabad, Nimach and Kota. Even in Kolhapur the sepoys rose in arms. In many of the princely states of these regions, the rulers remained loyal to the British but the soldiers and people joined the rebels or refused to fight against them. 2.1.3. Defeat In the end, British imperialism, at the height of its power the world over, succeeded in ruthlessly suppressing the Revolt. The reasons were many. Despite its wide reach, the Revolt could not embrace the entire country or all sections of Indian society. Bengal, South India and large parts of Punjab remained outside its reach since these areas had already exhausted themselves through prolonged rebellions and struggle against the British. Most rulers of Indian states and the big zamindars remained loyal to the foreign rulers. Thus, Scindhia of Gwalior, Holkar of Indore, the Nizam of Hyderabad, the Rajput rulers of Jodhpur and many other Rajputana states, the Nawab of Bhopal, the rulers of Patiala and Kashmir, the Ranas of Nepal, and many other rulers and chieftains gave active support to the British in suppressing the Revolt. In general, merchants and moneylenders either supported the British or refused to help the rebels. The modem educated Indians also did not support the Revolt. The leaders of the Revolt fought with courage, but could neither coordinate their struggle nor evolve a unified high command. Instead, they indulged in constant petty quarrels. The rebels were short of modern weapons and often had to fight with primitive weapons such as swords and spikes. They were very poorly organized. The sepoys were brave but at times there was lack of discipline which affected their military efficiency. 2.2. Early Phase of Nationalism The defeat of the Revolt of 1857 made it clear that uprisings based on old outlooks and social forces could not defeat modern imperialism. For that, new social forces, new ideologies, a modern political movement based on an understanding of modern imperialism and capable of mobilizing the masses for nationwide political activity were needed. Such a movement was initiated during the second half of the 19th century by modern nationalist intelligentsia. The new movement had a much narrower social base, but was inspired by new political ideas, new intellectual perception of reality and new social, economic and political objectives. It also represented new forces and forms of struggle, new leading classes and new techniques of political organization. Many factors were responsible for the rise of this powerful movement. 2.2.1. Role of the Intellectuals Initially, this process was grasped only by the modern Indian intellectuals. Paradoxically, during this first half of the 19th century, they had adopted a very supportive approach towards colonial rule for the following reasons: They had believed that the restructuring of Indian society could occur under British rule because Britain was the most advanced country of the time. They hoped that the British would help India get rid of its past backwardness. The intellectuals, attracted by modem industry and the prospects of modern economic development, hoped that, Britain would industrialize India and introduce modern capitalism. They believed that Britain, guided by the doctrine of democracy, civil liberties, and sovereignty of the people, would introduce modern science and technology and modern knowledge in India, leading to the cultural and social regeneration of its people. 2.2.2. Role of Colonial state The open reactionary character of Lyttons Viceroyalty from 1876 to 1880 quickened the pace of Indian nationalism. The list of some of the reactionary methods adopted by Lytton is: The Arms Act of 1878 disarmed the entire Indian people at one stroke. The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 sought to suppress the growing Indian criticism of British rule. The reduction of the maximum age for sitting in the Indian Civil Service Examination from 21 years to 19 further reduced the chances of Indians entering the Civil Service. The holding of a lavish imperial Durbar (in 1877) at a time when millions of Indians were dying of famine and waging a costly war against Afghanistan at the cost of the Indian economy. The removal of import duties on British textile imports threatened the existence of the newly rising Indian textile industry. 2.2.3. Emergence of the Indian National Congress The time was now ripe for the formation of an all-lndia organization which could organize and coordinate the political activities of Indians all over the country against foreign rule and exploitation. Various attempts were made in this direction for several years. Surendra Nath Banerjee took the lead by forming the Indian Association. The idea finally got a concrete shape when a large group of political workers such as Dadabhai Naoroji, Justice M.G. Ranade, K.T. Telang and Badruddin Tyabji cooperated with A. O. Hume, a retired English Civil servant, in holding the first session of the Indian National Congress at Bombay in December 1885. The struggle for Indias independence was thus launched, though on a rather small scale. 2.3. Moderate and Militant Nationalists The most important contribution of the early nationalists, known as Moderate nationalists, was their economic critique of imperialism and their persistent agitation on economic questions. They analyzed all the three forms of colonial economic exploitation, i.e. exploitation through trade, industry and finance. They clearly grasped that the essence of British colonialism lay in the subordination of the Indian economy to the British economy. They vehemently opposed the British attempt to develop in India the basic characteristics of a colonial economy, viz. the transformation of India into a supplier of raw materials, a market for British manufacturers and a field of investment for foreign capital. 2.3.1. Moderates Aims and Methods The early nationalists constantly agitated for democratic civil rights, a free press, and a democratic and non-racialist administration. In fact, it was during this period and as a result of political work by the nationalists that democratic ideas began to take root among the Indian people in general, and the intelligentsia in particular. The Moderates also agitated for the spread of modern education, science and technology. In the political field, they demanded reforms that would lead to a greater share for Indians in the administration and legislative machinery. The weakness of the early nationalists lay in the narrow social base of the movement. The movement did not, as yet, have a wide appeal. It did not penetrate down to the masses. The Moderates political work was confined to the urban educated middle classes. Their programme and policies, however, were not confined to the interests of the middle classes. They took up the causes of all sections of the Indian people and represented the interests of the emerging Indian nation against colonial domination. 2.3.2. Militants Aims and Methods The beginning of the 20th century witnessed the development of the Indian National Movement to a new, higher stage under a new militant nationalist leadership. This was in part the fruition of the earlier nationalist agitation, and in part the consequence of the reassertion of imperialism at the end of the 19th century. The symbol of the new imperial assertion, of despotism and efficiency, was Lord Curzon the Viceroy since 1899. Political Indians now despaired of getting political concessions from the rulers through political argument and methods of polite agitation. Indians must, they realized, depend on themselves and take recourse to mass politics and mass agitation around the goal of independence from Britain. The social and economic conditions of the country also pointed in the same direction: Economic decay and stagnation. The fruits of colonial underdevelopment were beginning to surface by the end of the 19th century. Symbolic in this respect were the famines that devastated the country from 1897 to 1900 that killed millions. Several international events at this time contributed to the growth of militant nationalism. The defeat of the Italian army by the Ethiopians in 1896 and Russia by Japan in 1905 exploded the myth of European superiority. Similar was the impact of the revolutionary movements in Ireland, Russia, Egypt, Turkey and China: a united people, who were willing to make sacrifices, were surely capable of overthrowing foreign despotic rule even if it appeared powerful on the surface. 2.4. Swadeshi Movement Thus, conditions were ready for the national movement to advance to a higher stage. The spark was provided when the movement announced its decision to partition the province of Bengal on 20th July 1905. The decision, as the Government claimed, was allegedly based on administrative grounds. But the people of Bengal saw it as an effort to divide the nationalistically inclined Bengali people and thus stem the rising tide of militant nationalism in Bengal and India. Political agitation was inaugurated by a general hartal and a day of fasting on 16th October in Calcutta. Huge crowds paraded the streets of Calcutta and a mammoth meeting of 50,000 was held in the evening. Entire Bengal, from cities to villages, was reverberating with meetings, processions and demonstrations. Soon a new form of political action was added. All foreign goods were to he boycotted and Swadeshi or Indian-made goods alone were to he used. In many places public burnings of foreign cloth were organized and shops selling foreign cloth were picketed. The new leadership also gave a call for passive resistance to the authorities. This was to take the form of non-cooperation with the Government by boycotting schools and colleges, the courts, and government services. This part of the programme could not, however, be put into practice on a significant scale. The new leadership also raised the slogan of independence from foreign rule. One result was that Dadabhai Naoroji declared in his presidential address to the Congress in December 1906 that the goal of the Congress was self-government or Swaraj. 3. Ingression of Mahatma Gandhi and Subhas Chandra Bose The third and the last phase of the national movement began in 1919 when the era of popular mass movements was initiated. During the First World War, the Allies Britain, France and the U.S.A. had declared that the World War was being fought in defence of democracy and the right of nations to self-determination. But after their victory they showed little willingness to end the colonial rule. The Indians had not only cooperated with the war effort but had considerably suffered also. They hoped of getting due returns. But they were very soon disenchanted. While the British Government made a half-hearted attempt at constitutional reform, it also made it clear that it had no intention to part with political power. A new leader named Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, took command. The new leader kept in mind the basic weakness of the previous leadership and sought to remove them. He had evolved a new form of struggle called non-cooperation and a new technique of struggle Satyagraha, which would not remain a mere programme but were capable of being put into practice. He had already put them to test in South Africa while fighting for the rights of immigrant Indians. Gandhi also took up to the cause of peasants in Champaran (Bihar) and the working class in Ahmedabad (Gujarat). This was also a period of rising prices and epidemics in various parts of the country. In many regions the peasants had been subjected to extortions in the name of war effort. Gandhi responded to the growing anger and militancy of the Indian people after the end of the World War and created the organization and techniques that would give the movement a mass base. 3.1. Official Response Throughout the war, the Government had carried on repression of militant nationalists. It now decided to acquire further powers to meet the nationalist challenge. In March 1919 it passed the Rowlatt Act (the Indians called it Black Act) which authorised the Government to imprison any person without trial. The Indian sentiment was outraged. In February 1919, Gandhi started a Satyagraha Sabha whose members were committed to disobeying the Act and thus to court arrest. Thus, Gandhi took the first step towards making the national movement a movement of mass political action, rather than a mere agitation. Simultaneously, he urged the Congress to increasingly rely on the peasants and artisans. Symbolic of the new emphasis was to be the use of Khadi or hand-spun, hand-woven cloth. 3.2. Non-Cooperation and Khilafat Gandhi and the National Congress decided in September 1920 to launch a non-violent, non-cooperation movement and continue it till the Punjab and Khilafat wrongs were removed and Swaraj established. Gandhi gave the slogan Swaraj in a year. The people were asked to boycott government affiliated schools and colleges, law courts and legislatures and foreign cloth and to surrender officially conferred titles and honors. Later the programme extended to include resignation from government service and mass civil disobedience including the non-payment of taxes. National schools and colleges were to be set up. People were asked to practice hand-spinning and produce khadi, to give up untouchability and promote and maintain Hindu-Muslim unity. Provincial Congress Committees were now to be organised on a linguistic basis. The Congress organization was to reach down to the village level and its membership fee was to be reduced to 4 annas (25 paise of today) per year to enable the rural and urban p oor to become members. This first mass movement assumed unprecedented proportions during 1920-22. Lakhs of students left schools and colleges. Hundreds of lawyers gave up their practice. Majority of voters refused to participate in elections to the legislatures. The boycott of foreign cloth became a mass movement, with thousands of bonfires of foreign cloth lighting the Indian sky. Picketing of shops selling foreign cloth and of liquor shops was also very successful. In many regions the factory workers and peasants were at the forefront. Gandhi was, however, not satisfied. On 4th February 1922 an event occurred called as the Chauri Chaura incident when a Congress procession of 3,000 peasants was fired upon by the police and in retaliation the angry crowd burnt the police station causing the death of 22 policemen. Gandhi took a very serious view of the incident. Feeling that the people were not yet properly trained in non-violence, he called off the entire movement on February 1922. 4. Entry of Subhas Chandra Bose in Indian Politics During the final phase of Indias struggle for independence, Subhash Chandra Bose has made an outstanding contribution. He believed in the ideology of militant patriotism. He was the spearhead of the revolutionary freedom struggle in India. When Subhash Chandra Bose came in India, he joined Congress on the behest of Gandhiji. He met Gandhiji and Nehru and told them about his ideas of patriotism. Subhash Chandra Bose believed that only military power could wipe out the British rule from India. Both Gandhiji and Nehru were against the militant politics of Netaji. But he was so popular which led him to the position of the President of Congress. After quitting from congress due to some political reasons, Bose asked the masses to change the face of the Civil Disobedience movement in to an armed struggle, exploiting the adversity of the British in the world war. He was jailed in 1927 due to his aggressive patriotism and was considered as the number one enemy. He commenced fast unto death on November 29, 1940 for his release from the prison. Later he escaped from jail and went overseas to meet Hitler, Romain Rolland, Ribbentrop and other members of the Nazi hierarchy and asked them for support against the British. He got the help of the Japanese C-in-C Terauchi in the struggle to liberate India. He formed Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) in 1941 and set up Provisional Government of Free India in exile. He gave a speech on July 9, 1943 which was attended by 60,000 people. His great words Give me blood, I will give you freedom is still remembered. So many people were inspired and many came to join the INA. He also had a definite plan for reconstruction of India after the independence. Bose and his men started war against the British with the support of the Japanese army. But World War II was on its peak and Japan had to call back its troops. The INA was defeated by the British and Bose escaped to Japan. On his way he disappeared and believed to have died in a plane crash and his whereabouts are still unknown.

A Vindication of the Rights of Woman and An Ode Popular Superstitions o

Comparing Unification in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman and An Ode on the Popular Superstitions of the Highlands of Scotland  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Mary Wollstonecraft seeks to abolish repressive, orthodox conventions. She endeavors to abate manners that lacerate our society, that elevate man above woman, that prohibit equal exchange between the sexes. This unequal system of gender roles forms the basis of her argument. Wollstonecraft claims that civilization will not progress while half its population is subjugated. Arguing that progress in sexual commerce will balance the scales, she seeks simplicity in society through equality between man and woman. Through equal education, rejection of traditional expectations, but most importantly a dismissal of complex, debilitating emotions like love and passion, the sexes will overlap, becoming one, becoming unisexual. This simplification, this unisexuality, will clear the smoke between men and women, allowing them to return to a basis of reason upon which to build a better society. Wollstonecraft sees this unisexuality as the savior of human kind . In An Ode on the Popular Superstitions of the Highlands of Scotland, Considered as the Subject of Poetry, William Collins seeks to abolish cultural stereotypes rending Scottish and English societies. Collins realizes that if unabated, the rising 18th century commercial torrent will consume Scotland. This flood will leave the north hopelessly backward, unable to unite with the southern commonwealth. The growing cultural and economic gap between north and south will leave England ripe for conflict. Collins also realizes that the British Empire can never be a great power unless these two warring factions u... ...al level simplifies the conflict between the sexes because it eliminates the messy emotional biases attached to this conflict. Returning Scot and Brit to their ancient Celtic past simplifies the conflict between their nations because it eliminates messy emotional biases attached to this impasse as well. Both Wollstonecraft and Collins seek harmony through reason; both seek unity through precision, both succeed because simplicity speaks to everyone, Brit, Scot, man or woman. Works Cited Collins, William. "An Ode on the Popular Superstitions of the Highlands of Scotland,Considered as the Subject of Poetry." Online. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 3034: Texts and Contexts: Restoration and Eighteenth Century Literature. Oct. 1998. Wollstonecraft, Mary. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. Ed. Carol H. Poston. New York: Norton, 1988.   

Iran’s Misty Wonders Essay

In Persepolis, by Marjane Satrapi, both the movie and the book were able to portray the main idea of Marjane Satrapi â€Å"Marji’s† life. The main idea being for us to look at how Marji evolved into a grown women with struggles along the way. Throughout both we were able to clearly understand what a difficult childhood she lived and we were able to get a sense of what her life was like back then. Like in many cases, the book informed us of every detail possible in order to get a clearer message across. When it came to the movie, it lacked many details that were included in the book and if you would not have read the book it would cause you to be confused and lost. There are a couple scenes in the movie that seem to just happen, there was no type of development or leading actions involved. There was a specific scene in the movie where Marji and her mother walk past a conversation that her father and neighbors are having, the female neighbor seems to have some type of sca r in her cheek but we are not sure what it is and if it even matters. If we take a look at the book we see that the scene is different. Marji and her family briefly talk with their neighbors, a husband and wife, and the husband tells her father â€Å"Look! A bullet almost hit my wife’s cheek,† (44). This was a piece of information that could and should have been briefly added because it gives us a bigger picture of how dangerous their lives were during the revolution. This would only help us, the viewers, have a bigger reaction to the plot. Another example that comes to mind was the absence of certain characters. The family’s maid, Mehri, as well as Marji’s good friend, is never mentioned in the movie. This was an important factor because throughout an incident that is described in the book we are able to learn the big issues with social class and in the movie it is something that we miss out on since it is not mentioned at all. The incident was that Mehri falls in love with the neighbor’s son and once Marji’s father knows of this he tells Hossein, the neighbors son, that she is a maid therefore Hossein decided to stop seeing her. Marji’s Father explains to Marji, â€Å"You must understand that their love was impossible.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Becau se in this country you must stay within your own social class,† (37). Many of the characters are also lacked full description, for instance, Mohsen, and Anoosh. From the movie all we hear about Mohsen is that he is found drowned in a bath tub and it leaves many unanswered questions such as why did it happen and who was he. In the book we know that he visited the Satrapi family the same day that Siamak visits but that is never portrayed in the movie. When it comes to Anoosh, in the movie towards the end of the story he is telling Marji, she asks if he has any family, and ends the conversation. On the other hand, in the book he tells Marji â€Å"†¦I married and had two children, two girls†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And we are also able to learn that his marriage did not turn out very well. Although, there were many details missing in the movie that were included in the book, I do not think that it takes away the intention of the book. A message is clearly stated throughout the movie as well as the book. In both resources we are able to see how the main character grows up and how her surroundings, and everything she has experienced, influence the person she became. In my personal opinion I feel as if the book was more appealing than the movie. The movie was short and brief and got to the main points of the story and was still able to get a message across. I feel as if the book was more detailed which made the plot clearer. Every character was described perfectly and every scene made sense and fell into place with the other scenes, so that they could all make sense. The details that are included in the book make the story bring more emotion to the reader for the fact that everything is explained, even the smallest details. The visual style for the movie was the same as the book, both were comics. The movie is all cartoons, which is something that I found interesting. I feel that making it into a cartoon was a smart decision because it makes it so simple and easy to follow. I enjoyed the fact that I was able to understand the movie very well, although it was in French, because many of the scenes were similar to the book. In the end, I think both the book and movie were enjoyable. What helped was that I had read the novel, before watching the movie. The lack of details and description of characters could have easily confused someone. On the bright side, a message was still able to get across through both sources.

Free Essays on Non Profits

A nonprofit is a tax-exempt organization that serves the public interest. In general, the purpose of this type of organization must be charitable, educational, scientific, religious or literary. These organizations can be unincorporated or incorporated. An unincorporated nonprofit is somewhat rare for while it can be given federal tax-exempt status or the designation of being a 501(c)(3) organization as defined by the Internal Revenue Service, it does not enjoy the legal protection a corporation provides. When a nonprofit organization is incorporated, it shares many traits with for-profit corporations except that there are no shareholders. There are three main types of NPO’s: Public-benefit corporations, mutual benefit corporations, and religious corporations. Public benefit corporations can only distribute assets to other public benefit corporations. Mutual benefit corporations can distribute assets to their own members, and under certain conditions as well as for public benefit purposes. Religious corporations must follow the rules of their governing bodies. Non profit public benefit corporations hold their assets in what is called charitable trust. A charitable trust is an entity that holds money or assets for charitable purposes. The difference for the NPO’s is that unlike profitable companies, if the charitable trusts have surplus revenue, they belong to the public the corporation was designed to serve. If the corporation becomes a profit company, the surplus becomes a donation to another charitable service. Just as the name indicates, religious corporations are formed primarily or exclusively for religious purposes. These groups can qualify as religious organizations under both state incorporation law and Section 501(c) (3). You need not set up a formal church to form a religious nonprofit corporation; these groups can have a general religious purpose. For example, a group organized to promote the study and practice of a p... Free Essays on Non Profits Free Essays on Non Profits A nonprofit is a tax-exempt organization that serves the public interest. In general, the purpose of this type of organization must be charitable, educational, scientific, religious or literary. These organizations can be unincorporated or incorporated. An unincorporated nonprofit is somewhat rare for while it can be given federal tax-exempt status or the designation of being a 501(c)(3) organization as defined by the Internal Revenue Service, it does not enjoy the legal protection a corporation provides. When a nonprofit organization is incorporated, it shares many traits with for-profit corporations except that there are no shareholders. There are three main types of NPO’s: Public-benefit corporations, mutual benefit corporations, and religious corporations. Public benefit corporations can only distribute assets to other public benefit corporations. Mutual benefit corporations can distribute assets to their own members, and under certain conditions as well as for public benefit purposes. Religious corporations must follow the rules of their governing bodies. Non profit public benefit corporations hold their assets in what is called charitable trust. A charitable trust is an entity that holds money or assets for charitable purposes. The difference for the NPO’s is that unlike profitable companies, if the charitable trusts have surplus revenue, they belong to the public the corporation was designed to serve. If the corporation becomes a profit company, the surplus becomes a donation to another charitable service. Just as the name indicates, religious corporations are formed primarily or exclusively for religious purposes. These groups can qualify as religious organizations under both state incorporation law and Section 501(c) (3). You need not set up a formal church to form a religious nonprofit corporation; these groups can have a general religious purpose. For example, a group organized to promote the study and practice of a p... Free Essays on Non Profits A nonprofit is a tax-exempt organization that serves the public interest. In general, the purpose of this type of organization must be charitable, educational, scientific, religious or literary. These organizations can be unincorporated or incorporated. An unincorporated nonprofit is somewhat rare for while it can be given federal tax-exempt status or the designation of being a 501(c)(3) organization as defined by the Internal Revenue Service, it does not enjoy the legal protection a corporation provides. When a nonprofit organization is incorporated, it shares many traits with for-profit corporations except that there are no shareholders. There are three main types of NPO’s: Public-benefit corporations, mutual benefit corporations, and religious corporations. Public benefit corporations can only distribute assets to other public benefit corporations. Mutual benefit corporations can distribute assets to their own members, and under certain conditions as well as for public benefit purposes. Religious corporations must follow the rules of their governing bodies. Non profit public benefit corporations hold their assets in what is called charitable trust. A charitable trust is an entity that holds money or assets for charitable purposes. The difference for the NPO’s is that unlike profitable companies, if the charitable trusts have surplus revenue, they belong to the public the corporation was designed to serve. If the corporation becomes a profit company, the surplus becomes a donation to another charitable service. Just as the name indicates, religious corporations are formed primarily or exclusively for religious purposes. These groups can qualify as religious organizations under both state incorporation law and Section 501(c) (3). You need not set up a formal church to form a religious nonprofit corporation; these groups can have a general religious purpose. For example, a group organized to promote the study and practice of a p...

School Violence Essay example

School Violence Essay example School Violence Essay example School Violence (Bullying) School violence has gone on for as long as schools have been open. Psychologists categorize the different types of school violence into three separate categories; verbal,physical, and retaliation. They say Verbal is the most impacting type of school bullying cause it stays with you longer and has more psychological effects on the victim. While physical shows signs,retribution is mainly a backlash of students excluding and ignoring the victim. It has become a society problem, although sometimes its not acknowledged we all know its there. It usually takes something massive to bring everyone’s attention to the problem, such as Columbine shooting. There are several instances that are not as publicized as the Columbine but they still impact the community. Such as the mother arrested for chocking her daughters bullier, or the young girl that hung herself, and even the coach that joined in on the bullying of a student. Bullying takes place more than just in school, its cyber as well and harder to stop. There was an instance in Florida where the mother of a teen girl was concerned when her daughter was slipping into depression and having suicidal thoughts because of a cyber-bully. Since the systems have not caught up to the cyber world most cases are hard to get a result from reporting it. The daughter took the steps to stop this by informing the schools resource center and the police of the incidents going on, yet they did nothing to help. With the mom concerned for her daughter she ended up loosing it when she saw her daughters tormentor in the mall. She ended up chocking the teenager and landing in jail. Her daughter was under verbal bullying, which is the highest form and longest lasting of the three bullying categories. The mother taking things into her own hands, in my opinion, wasn’t the best thing to do, but sometimes you get to where you have limited options and the primal side comes out. Most people think school violence is focused on certain types of people, such as the poor, younger and social misfits. Even though most the stories you hear are generally about the kid that wore black and stayed in the corner type, its not always true. Even the popular pretty people can be a victim as well. Such as in the case of the teenage girl that hung herself. She was a beautiful girl in the popular crowd that was described as having a lot of friends and being well liked by all. But she became the main target for other girls out lashings. They would bully her about being to pretty and to popular, they started degrading her bringing her down to the lowest levels they could get her to. She finally broke and committed suicide by hanging herself in her room, she didn’t die a slow death she died six days later while on life support. When they canvased the school for information a lot of students informed the parents and officials that in the recent proceeding months she has b een the victim of harsh bullying, including verbal, physical and retaliation bullying. Since no one truly know the reason for the targeting of this young girl, it makes it harder to find how to stop this vicious cycle. Physiologists do believe it is an learned action to bully people. Another misconception of school violence is that it is only carried out by the students, this too is not the case. Anyone can be the tormentor or the victim, such as the case of the gym teacher that joined in on the physical bullying of a teenage student. Since violence is all around a very horrible thing it doesn’t help when the teacher is implementing or encouraging it. That is what happened in a Washington school, the teacher and rest of the class were physically hurting another student during study time. They were pinning him down writing on him, putting cones on his head and stuffing socks in his mouth to muffle the screams while they were swinging him by his limbs around the room. Some students thinking it was so cool to do video taped

Free Essays on The Queen Of Scots

Mary was dubbed the ‘the daughter of debate’ by her cousin, Elizabeth I. Does this description accurately reflect the Queen of Scots? In order to establish whether or not Elizabeth’s description ‘the daughter of debate’ accurately reflects the Queen of Scots it is necessary to firstly examine who Mary was, considering early events in her life including her succession to the throne and her departure to France. Consideration must then be given to Elizabeth with a brief look at her succession to the throne and a more in depth look at what the early relationship between the two monarchs was like and considering the question was Mary obsessed with the throne of England? My focus, however are the events in her life up to and including what Wormald calls ‘the major scandals of 1566-7’ (2001:147). These events that have sparked debate include what were the reasons behind Mary’s marriage to Lord Darnley? Did she as accused commit adultery, and was she involved in the murder of her husband? Did she then marry Bothwell willingly or was she forced? What led Mary to resign her crown to he r infant son? Finally did Elizabeth call Mary ‘the daughter of debate’ and if so in what context? Wormald remarks that Mary Queen of Scots from the very start created uncertainty even before her distinctive character emerged (2001:12). Interestingly the first detail in Mary Stewart’s life under debate is the date of her birth. Mary’s birth date is recorded as the 8th of December 15421 however Fraser remarks that it has been suggested she was actually born on 7th December 1542 and the date was changed to occur with the feast of the virgin (1970:32/33). Mary herself saw her birthday to be the 8th2. Mary was the daughter of King James V and became Queen of Scotland when only six days old. Mary was not only a Stewart, but she was a Guise through her mother and a Tudor, through her grandmother. She therefore had claims to the thrones of Englan... Free Essays on The Queen Of Scots' Free Essays on The Queen Of Scots' Mary was dubbed the ‘the daughter of debate’ by her cousin, Elizabeth I. Does this description accurately reflect the Queen of Scots? In order to establish whether or not Elizabeth’s description ‘the daughter of debate’ accurately reflects the Queen of Scots it is necessary to firstly examine who Mary was, considering early events in her life including her succession to the throne and her departure to France. Consideration must then be given to Elizabeth with a brief look at her succession to the throne and a more in depth look at what the early relationship between the two monarchs was like and considering the question was Mary obsessed with the throne of England? My focus, however are the events in her life up to and including what Wormald calls ‘the major scandals of 1566-7’ (2001:147). These events that have sparked debate include what were the reasons behind Mary’s marriage to Lord Darnley? Did she as accused commit adultery, and was she involved in the murder of her husband? Did she then marry Bothwell willingly or was she forced? What led Mary to resign her crown to he r infant son? Finally did Elizabeth call Mary ‘the daughter of debate’ and if so in what context? Wormald remarks that Mary Queen of Scots from the very start created uncertainty even before her distinctive character emerged (2001:12). Interestingly the first detail in Mary Stewart’s life under debate is the date of her birth. Mary’s birth date is recorded as the 8th of December 15421 however Fraser remarks that it has been suggested she was actually born on 7th December 1542 and the date was changed to occur with the feast of the virgin (1970:32/33). Mary herself saw her birthday to be the 8th2. Mary was the daughter of King James V and became Queen of Scotland when only six days old. Mary was not only a Stewart, but she was a Guise through her mother and a Tudor, through her grandmother. She therefore had claims to the thrones of Englan...

Q.1 or 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Q.1 or 2 - Essay Example The National Board was ‘to look with peculiar favour’ on applicants for aid for schools jointly managed by Roman Catholics and Protestants. While many of the schools which were taken into connection with the Board in the early years were jointly managed, the main Christian churches put pressure on the government to allow aid to be given to schools under the management of individual churches.1 This pressure was so effective that, by the mid-nineteenth century, only 4% of national schools were under mixed management.2 In terms of the curriculum, the main principle was that schools should offer ‘combined moral and literary instruction’.3 While the Board would decide the curriculum for moral and literary instruction, the patron of each school would determine the form and content of religious instruction in the schools under his patronage. The Rules for National Schools to the present day set down that ‘no pupil shall receive or be present at any religious instruction of which his parents or guardians do not approve’4 and also ‘that the periods of formal religious instruction shall be fixed so as to facilitate the withdrawal of [such] pupils’.5 This means that the National System had its ultimate goal to help accommodate children of different religions. That is why, the Christian dominate churches had to enforce the other dominations to be ready to accommodate children of mixed religions. This was pushed about by the Christian churches until it came to pass with management being of mixed creed. In an article presented by Thomas Walsh regarding the children’s curriculum in the primary schools between 1900 and 1999, he describes the conceptualization of the childhood education as a process that is undergoing and it takes time to be implemented fully. In an announcement by Ruairi Quinn, Minister for Education and Skills, on the junior certificate reforms, he commented that, â€Å"We already know that significa nt numbers of first years do not make progress in English and Maths – the key building blocks of learning.† He added that, â€Å"Too many students ‘switch off’ in second year and never reconnect to learning.   We know that the experience of third year students is dominated by preparations for the Junior Certificate exams where the focus narrows to the performance in the examination rather than the quality of the learning.   It is high time we changed this – for the good of our students and our teachers.† In this statement, Ruairi conforms that the numbers of children who do not make it in the key subjects in Ireland are quite alarming. As a result the outcome is that a lot of students lack the essential skills to upgrade them and that is why they never relate to knowing that learning is essential. When it comes to the final continuous assessment tests, what comes up is that what teachers focus on is more of the students passing their tests rather that knowing what they are being taught, this adds up to the quality of education is more understated. The accounting feature is that the teachers during their teaching time in class they focused on spoon-feeding the students what is likely to come in the exams, thus they are more exam oriented that quality oriented. Ruairi stressed in the fact that this is a trend that ought to change for better future of Irish

McWorld Vs. Jihad by Benjamin Barber Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

McWorld Vs. Jihad by Benjamin Barber - Essay Example Neither of these two sides wishes to compromise, as the corporations are only worried about expanding their company in order to maximize profits and the tribal communities are only concern with keeping the corporations away, so conflict will always exist. Also, neither of these two sides is interested in democracy, so a battle of wills is taking place in these regions. This book does an excellent job of describing the problems that have occurred since globalization became a reality and the ideas that are presented here can be applied to a number of present day issues in society. The most obvious place where this ideology can be applied is in the Middle East, where militants have become tired of the Americanization of their economies and have decided to do something about it. In these places, war has always been a common answer to problems, as the various tribes in these areas have been feuding for centuries. Conflict is nothing new in the Middle East, so it should not be surprising that there has been a violent uprising in response to the globalization that had been attempting to sweep through the region. Since the region is very rich in oil reserves, corporations feel as though there are ways to make money off of the situation. This greed has made the area very attractive, but this attraction has come at a price. Different groups of people lay claim to various regions in the Middle East, even to the point where the present day borders are disputed regularly. Jihad and McWorld are moving in completely opposite directions, with one siding wishing to make the world a smaller place and the other side wishing to isolate the various tribes so that they each have their own space and are left alone. The problem, according to Barber, is that neither of these sides act democratically, which will causes for the current problems to last well into

Apple Corporation Corporate Responsibility and Marketing Strategies Essay - 4

Apple Corporation Corporate Responsibility and Marketing Strategies - Essay Example The paper tells that Apple Corporation like many other multinationals has a code of conduct that guides its operations. It prides itself on being committed to the highest social, environmental and ethical responsibility. The company warns that failure to abide by the code of conduct attracts penalties among them termination of any business engagement with the supplier in question. Some of the issues addressed in the company’s code of conduct guide are addressed below: Apple Corporation expects those who work for their suppliers to be treated with dignity and with respect. As such fundamental issues of human rights need to be addressed and employees should not be discriminated on a basis such as age, religious affiliation, gender, sexual orientation, belonging to labor unions, marital status among other issues. In addition, harassment of any nature is discouraged by the company including forced labor or slavery. Also, the company warns its suppliers against restricting movement of its employees or confiscating identification documents belonging to them so as to hamper their mobility. The code of conduct also warns employees against employing persons who are under age and proposes a minimum age of 15 years. Those employing students should ensure that their education is not interfered with and that proper records should be kept to check on their progress. Safety of all employees is to be observed which includes availing reasonable working hours and providing employees with proper working tools and equipment. The health of all employees is to be observed through the provision of the clean working environment including toilets, eating, sleeping places and other social places.

Management information system Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management information system - Research Paper Example The unparalleled progresses in calculation and communication technologies have made such requirements adaptable into attainable objectives. Thus, a large portion of the world population has its stake in information systems. Invariably, such systems are computer based. Today, more than ever before in the history of human kind, we have an unquenchable thirst for information. The society has changed significantly from the Barbarian to the Agrarian Society, from Agrarian to the Industrial society and from the industrial society to a society dominated by the service sector. People have witnessed the industrial revolution, the advent of automobile and introduction of telephones. Today, people are all living in an information society. It goes without saying that we describe the present times as the information era or the IT age. Underneath this is a tacit acceptance of the fact that not since the advent of the automobile and the introduction of the telephone has an invention, had such wide spread impact on our lives and society as the computer, which has ushered in the information era. ... Notably, organizational management systems that pertain functioning, planning, and running of an organization are very significant. In reference to Lucey (2004), management information system implies chiefly â€Å"organizational information systems which are generally large, sophisticated, structured, and dynamically evolving and of immense commercial value†. In addition, Lucey (2004) notes that computer data structures required to aid administration of a business structure the primary subject of this transcript. Description of the information system and its functions Management information system is a familiar term to most of the managers working in both public and private organizations. These systems are used widely by administrators at central, functioning and superior degrees in an organization. Organizations employ a high number of system analysts and programmers and systems analysts to build numerous management information systems (Lucey, 2004). Obviously, in the educati on of system analysts and programmers in addition to general executives, the subject management information system occupies a key position. A TECOM investments organization in Dubai is no exception. TECOM investment organization develops and manages business parks under Dubai Holdings. TECOM investment holding is a conglomeration of more than four thousand companies. This organization uses information systems in its management and provides information system services to its clients through the Dubai internet city business park. TECOM investment has installed management information systems in different departments which have different goals and objectives. Though Management Information system was envisioned as a single

STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT - Essay Example This phase is important for the structural stability and to ensure the safe design implementation and this inspection will also affect the life of the structure because mistakes made at this stage can be corrected on spot but after the facility is complete then the retrofitting would be very difficult and expensive. Then the second phase is the post construction inspection which is done after some time that is 6 months, 1 year and 5 years normally the frequency of the inspection decides its extent, mostly the inspection made after 5 years is far more extensive and detailed than that of which is done after 6 months. This inspection is mostly done by visual monitoring of the facility by professional which inspect the vital areas that are vulnerable to failures and crack propagation. Both the inspection types are extensively vast and hence require a lot of discussion where as at the moment I will only focus on the Post Construction inspection. The key requirements of the inspection woul d be consisting of many aspects the first among them is property identification information which include the location and type of infrastructure facility. Then a detailed study and preliminary visual inspection of various structural systems employed in the building/structure and applicable non-structural components is done. Further progress in the assessment and its requirement includes critical analysis existing condition of the various structural systems, including foundations, bearing walls, framing, columns and beams, floor systems, roof systems, and their connection and construction details. During the assessment and inspection procedures one fact is also to be considered that the Engineers and/or construction specialists conducting the structural assessment should be knowledgeable of the construction methods, materials, load capacities, and design details of the infrastructure facility or structure type being analyzed, as modern structural design approaches will likely not be directly applicable due to the fact that these structures were made quite a long time before and employed primitive construction standards and design methodologies. William Hover (2008).In addition to requirements discuss above there are other as well and which are equally important, significant among these is analysis of the deficiencies, damage, and failures to determine/identify their evident, probable, or possible causes and after these are been highlighted then it is the responsibility that recommendations for corrective measures, design solutions for stabilization and/or repair and maintenance must be made. Then at the end a cost estimate must be made of the repair works and the cost engineering under different scenario must be made which include the recommendation of new construction or choices of retrofitting and localized repairs. Maintenance Management System Then comes the Maintenance Management System(MMS) for a large infrastructure organization, although the system is very extensive and encompasses many fields but the key focus in this discussion would be on infrastructure organizations and their requirements. MMS is a computerized database system which is made to maximize and increase the efficiency of deferred maintenance and capital improvement activities through the organization and its services using standardized procedures to document and prioritize field facility and equipment needs and to

Purchasing and Resource Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Purchasing and Resource Management - Case Study Example Spiller of having followed normal purchasing procedures, selecting the appropriate supplier and even in approving the price for this high -intensity x-ray processor. There is no way that Dr. Spiller would have followed the right purchasing procedures without involving Rose Silver who is the manager in -charge of purchasing and from whom the final decisions regarding hospital purchases are expected to come from. Rose is a professional purchaser who ought to be consulted on matters related to purchasing in the whole business organisation. Failure to consult her might lead to a professional blunder and unnecessary misunderstanding amongst the management staff in the organisation a thing that would slow down productivity and overall development of a firm. The exercise of selecting suppliers is a long on and it involves calling for interested suppliers to apply for tenders with the management. It is from these applicants that the most competitive and appropriate supplier is found. The head of radiology department made his purchases decisions in such a hurry that there was no time to compare and choose from a number of suppliers. He seems to have settled on only single supplier who is New Age Radiology Inc. a move that can even compromise with the quality of the equipment supplied. In using method of selecting the right supplier Dr Spiller was supposed to involve the purchasing manager who would have made major contribution in the selection of the most suitable supplier.1As a trained marketing manager Rose has all the knowledge in selecting a better supplier from a given group of applicants. Through contacting a number of suppliers the purchasing manager will be able to come up with the best price for the good quality equipments. Most likely she would not go for the cheapest because the more cheap the equipment is the higher the chances of it being of a poor quality. Again he cannot go for the extremely expensive one so as not to strain the hospitals budget although this does not imply that she will ignore the aspect of quality. There is no justification that Dr. Spiller went through the above process in selecting New Age Radiology as the hospitals major supplies. His, appears to be haste decisions made by someone who was not interested to gather the views of the most appropriate person in the field of purchasing. He went ahead and told Rose that everything was in order and the machine was sold in the prices but he could not explain how this was arrived at. Question Two Dr. Spiller's approach can culminate into immeasurable risk and associated ethical problems. Failing to select a supplier from a wide base of applicants will lead to the sole supplier taking an advantage of monopoly which will end up in poor quality supply of equipment. The supplier may end up supplying a faulty X-ray processor that will not give the required services to the hospital. This will mean extra expenses in the repair of the faulty equipments or purchasing a new one to replace the faulty one if it is beyond repair. A thing that will add up to increased expenditure for the hospital thereby forcing the hospital to realize low profits or even loses. Another risk is on the price which he approved without contacting Rose who was the right person in recommending the best price to pay for the purchased machine. Following the fact that Dr. Spiller is not a specialist in the purchasing field chances are high that might have approved and already overcharged

Management information system Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management information system - Research Paper Example The unparalleled progresses in calculation and communication technologies have made such requirements adaptable into attainable objectives. Thus, a large portion of the world population has its stake in information systems. Invariably, such systems are computer based. Today, more than ever before in the history of human kind, we have an unquenchable thirst for information. The society has changed significantly from the Barbarian to the Agrarian Society, from Agrarian to the Industrial society and from the industrial society to a society dominated by the service sector. People have witnessed the industrial revolution, the advent of automobile and introduction of telephones. Today, people are all living in an information society. It goes without saying that we describe the present times as the information era or the IT age. Underneath this is a tacit acceptance of the fact that not since the advent of the automobile and the introduction of the telephone has an invention, had such wide spread impact on our lives and society as the computer, which has ushered in the information era. ... Notably, organizational management systems that pertain functioning, planning, and running of an organization are very significant. In reference to Lucey (2004), management information system implies chiefly â€Å"organizational information systems which are generally large, sophisticated, structured, and dynamically evolving and of immense commercial value†. In addition, Lucey (2004) notes that computer data structures required to aid administration of a business structure the primary subject of this transcript. Description of the information system and its functions Management information system is a familiar term to most of the managers working in both public and private organizations. These systems are used widely by administrators at central, functioning and superior degrees in an organization. Organizations employ a high number of system analysts and programmers and systems analysts to build numerous management information systems (Lucey, 2004). Obviously, in the educati on of system analysts and programmers in addition to general executives, the subject management information system occupies a key position. A TECOM investments organization in Dubai is no exception. TECOM investment organization develops and manages business parks under Dubai Holdings. TECOM investment holding is a conglomeration of more than four thousand companies. This organization uses information systems in its management and provides information system services to its clients through the Dubai internet city business park. TECOM investment has installed management information systems in different departments which have different goals and objectives. Though Management Information system was envisioned as a single

Purchasing and Resource Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Purchasing and Resource Management - Case Study Example Spiller of having followed normal purchasing procedures, selecting the appropriate supplier and even in approving the price for this high -intensity x-ray processor. There is no way that Dr. Spiller would have followed the right purchasing procedures without involving Rose Silver who is the manager in -charge of purchasing and from whom the final decisions regarding hospital purchases are expected to come from. Rose is a professional purchaser who ought to be consulted on matters related to purchasing in the whole business organisation. Failure to consult her might lead to a professional blunder and unnecessary misunderstanding amongst the management staff in the organisation a thing that would slow down productivity and overall development of a firm. The exercise of selecting suppliers is a long on and it involves calling for interested suppliers to apply for tenders with the management. It is from these applicants that the most competitive and appropriate supplier is found. The head of radiology department made his purchases decisions in such a hurry that there was no time to compare and choose from a number of suppliers. He seems to have settled on only single supplier who is New Age Radiology Inc. a move that can even compromise with the quality of the equipment supplied. In using method of selecting the right supplier Dr Spiller was supposed to involve the purchasing manager who would have made major contribution in the selection of the most suitable supplier.1As a trained marketing manager Rose has all the knowledge in selecting a better supplier from a given group of applicants. Through contacting a number of suppliers the purchasing manager will be able to come up with the best price for the good quality equipments. Most likely she would not go for the cheapest because the more cheap the equipment is the higher the chances of it being of a poor quality. Again he cannot go for the extremely expensive one so as not to strain the hospitals budget although this does not imply that she will ignore the aspect of quality. There is no justification that Dr. Spiller went through the above process in selecting New Age Radiology as the hospitals major supplies. His, appears to be haste decisions made by someone who was not interested to gather the views of the most appropriate person in the field of purchasing. He went ahead and told Rose that everything was in order and the machine was sold in the prices but he could not explain how this was arrived at. Question Two Dr. Spiller's approach can culminate into immeasurable risk and associated ethical problems. Failing to select a supplier from a wide base of applicants will lead to the sole supplier taking an advantage of monopoly which will end up in poor quality supply of equipment. The supplier may end up supplying a faulty X-ray processor that will not give the required services to the hospital. This will mean extra expenses in the repair of the faulty equipments or purchasing a new one to replace the faulty one if it is beyond repair. A thing that will add up to increased expenditure for the hospital thereby forcing the hospital to realize low profits or even loses. Another risk is on the price which he approved without contacting Rose who was the right person in recommending the best price to pay for the purchased machine. Following the fact that Dr. Spiller is not a specialist in the purchasing field chances are high that might have approved and already overcharged

The Impact of ICT on an Adult in Employment Essay Example for Free

The Impact of ICT on an Adult in Employment Essay My Dad needs his laptop in order to run his weekend disc jockey business. These needs include keeping up to date and accurate computerised accounts of booking forms, receipts and other references. He also keeps the CD collection stored on the Laptop. It is essential that he uses his laptop to run his disc jockey business. The above reasons are a good example of why he has a Laptop rather than a Desktop computer because he can use the laptop while he is on the move. The Intel Centrino mobile technology enables my Dad to connect to the Internet without any wires. He has also used the Laptop to produce a user friendly website to advertise our business on the web as well as in the Yellow Pages. He also makes regular price and administrative changes to the website in order to keep in competition with other local DJs around the area. My Dad also updates the website in design and layout, as well as including new pages and photos. This enables customers to browse the website to see our set up and how the business is run. They can then book at disco online and my Dad checks the e-mail to see if any bookings have been received. He will then send out the correct documentation to the customer to confirm the booking. Having the Laptop has affected his working style in many ways. Before he didnt have a laptop computer, his bookings were hand written and kept in a folder. This meant that any record could have been lost or misplaced quite easily. Without the laptop computer, our advertising was limited to the Yellow Pages and leaflets only. Now, we can advertise over the net, enabling customers to see what theyre getting and booking confidentially online. Also, the cataloguing system of our CD collection was handwritten, and searching for requests was a tough task. Now, the collection is computerised and in alphabetical order. The Laptop computer meets my Dads needs well for a number of reasons. For example, it has dramatically changed his working style and the way he goes about his work. Also, he can now order CDs and disco equipment online from our Walsall and Birmingham based stockists. He can also order online motor and car electrical parts from the wholesalers, which is situated in Cannock. He also orders from other stockists around the country. It is essential that my Dad needs Sky+ because he comes home from a stressful day at work to relax in front of the television. The ordinary terrestrial television didnt suit his needs and therefore, we had Sky + installed. This is a service that allows him to record programmes while watching another. It also enables the viewer to pause, fast forward and rewind live television. As he is a busy person, he doesnt have the time to go the shops. As this service is interactive, he can order many items off the digital shopping channels, like QVC, Ideal World, Bid TV and Price Drop TV. He also books holidays off the Sky TV Travel Shop and FTN, formally Thomas Cook TV. Also, a new interactive service is coming to all Sky viewers, where they can buy groceries and everyday items from their local supermarket and have it delivered directly their house. As he has two jobs, he is a very busy person and needs to shop in the least time consuming way. The interactive and shopping channels on the digital service is an ideal way of shopping quickly and in the comfort of his own home. Sky+ meets my Dads needs well for a number of reasons. For example, when he works over, we record his favourite programmes, which he can watch when he gets home. Also, he can pause any programme while he is preparing any food or drink or if he needs the toilet. The interactive service also helps him, as he doesnt go to the shops that regularly, he can buy off the shopping channels. The majority of his purchased items arrive in good condition, but in some cases, he has had to send some of the items back to the suppliers due to damage of wrong item being sent out to him. He has also has a case where the item got sent to the wrong address and another where the item got lost in the post. My Dads phone is the current smart phone brought to you by Nokia. It has a 1-mega-pixel camera, which has a built in 4x digital zoom. These photos are stored on to the memory card and can be printed off at any Kodak Kiosk. Above all, it has a video recorder, which can record for as long as you wish. The phone also contains a built in photo and video editing package, so you can delete any unnecessary parts of your video or photo. It has an 8-mega-byte internal memory with additional add-on memory via the upgradeable memory cards you can buy at any electrical retailer. It also has Bluetooth technology, an MP3 player and the phone can synchronise with your computer via the supplied USB cable. With this cable, you can download upgrade applications for your phone. You can also download pictures, logos, videos and ringtones. Additional add-ons are available from many phone and electrical retailers to enhance the capabilities of this Nokia smart phone. My Dad needs his mobile phone for many reasons. For example, as he is a mobile DJ and is away from home due to engineering contracts, it is essential that he uses his mobile phone in order to contact friends and family via voice calling or text messaging. The above methods also enable friends and family to contact him. He also uses it to play games on it and download additional software upgrades, MP3 files, videos, pictures, games and ringtones. This enables him to keep his phone up to date with other models. His phone also has an Infra-red port, which he can challenge friends, family or other people to a game of his or their choice depending on whose phone it is. The phone also has Bluetooth wireless technology, which enables him to send any data to other Bluetooth users at high speeds, which is formally known as Quickshare. You can buy many Bluetooth accessories for the Nokia 7610. For example, my Dad has purchased a Jabra BT800 Bluetooth headset. He has brought this so he can make and receive call while he is driving. He has also brought a Hewlett Packard Bluetooth Dongle, which enables him to download additional software upgrades, MP3 files, videos, pictures, games and ringtones from his laptop. However, to enable the above devices to work, you must connect the device to the mobile phone, and perform a non-authenticity activity, which enables the two devices to connect automatically. My Dads mobile phone meets his needs well in many ways. For example, he can use the phone while he is on the go, very handy and useful to contact engineering suppliers while he is out on contract. Also, he can receive calls from potential customers who want a disco, and my Dad can give them a price of the job and send the a booking form to confirm the bookings. Most of all, he can contact friends and family, or vice versa, to see how things are going.

Media Coverage of Womens Sports

Media Coverage of Womens Sports Women and Sports Introduction Media coverage of sporting activities performs a role in shaping attitudes of the society with regards to women’s sports. This is largely attributed to the thousands of hours or sports recording undertaken by the television network record each year. But for many decades, men’s sports activities have dominated the airwaves (Carlisle et al.). The domineering nature of men’s sports has led to women sports receiving little to no airplay; this is in large parts attributed to the lack of equal coverage between the two genders. A recent survey in the United States affirmed that women sports only received 1.6 percent airplay across all television network as compared to 96.3 percent given to men’s sports. This paper takes the position that the mass media is not doing enough when it comes to encouraging women sports (Messner and Cooky). The lack of adequate media coverage with respect to women sports has dealt a negative impact on the growth of the game. Even after the enactment of the Title IX legislation, women are yet to be treated in the same way as their male counterparts (Www2.ed.gov). The legislations ensure that men and women are treated equally when it comes to any activity that is federally funded, sports included. Problem definition Mass media companies don’t accord women the same prominence in their sports segments only relegating a small portion of the airtime. Some of the reasons women get little airtime on mass media companies include: Sexual Objectification Female athletes are still targets of being sexualized and objectified by the commentators. Despite the commentator not speaking about the athlete in a sexual manner, the inclusion of visual images of the women diverts attention from what is really important (Tanner). This is not an entirely new phenomenon, in the 1920s women basketball players’ pictures were used to draw the cognitive attention of the male audience to come and watch games. The women were being fitted with short shorts and tight t-shirts. Studies conducted in the United States revealed that women objectification has not changes even in the twenty-first century. The revelation was informed of the fact that most television networks were still portraying women in humorous and sexual as compared to their male counterparts. The objectification of women is further aggravated by the comments made by the sports commentators. Most of the commentators are male, as such they take most of the time to objectify women by put ting sexual visuals and making trivial jokes that demean women sports (North). Gender marking Another impediment faced by female athletes is the gender marking on their game titles. For instance, when an advert is being put up to announce the finals of the feminine game it is always marked as â€Å"Women’s Finals Tournament† (Tanner). This is in contrast to their male counterparts when men are playing there are no gender markers in the advertisements. Most broadcasters and mass media companies assert that they use gender markings to differentiate games that are being played at the same time. For instance, In the United States Tennis opens, all the games are played on the same day and at most times simultaneously. Some mass media companies use visuals that reinforce gender difference in games played (Tanner). For instance, CBS’s coverage of the 1989 NCAA basketball tournaments used the pink color to denote women’s matches while using the blue color to denote men matches. The mass media companies ought to drop the genders markers for women games sinc e it gives the notion that women games are in the â€Å"others† category (Tanner). Cause of the problem This section highlights the different reasons why women are not accorded the same prominence in the sports segment in all major media houses. Some of these reasons include: Society Society is another impediment to women’s sport and also gives mass media an excuse to reduce women sports coverage. Society defines that there are games that are lady-like which women can participate, these games include tennis and golf. But when women attempt to play games that are seen to be masculine in nature, the society shuns them. The main point as to why it is difficult for women to participate in such sporting activities is because it is seen as though they are going against social norms and customs. The stereotype with respect to the types of games women should play can be attributed mostly to media framing. Media framing can be defined as pieces or exhibits a journalist, or a news editor considers to be most important (Shaller). Through media framing, the editors bring about the most important characteristics of a story and highlight them; it is also an opportunity for both the editor and the journalist to stress the most important things they consider to be more im portant to their audience. The use of this tactic has been detrimental to women’s sports coverage; this is because most journalists and editors emphasis on masculinity as compared to femininity (Shaller). Media framing manipulates the audience’s psychology and makes the audience follow what the editor and journalist are putting across. Media framing one of the reasons why men sports are given prominence over feminine games in mass media. Another critical aspect is male hegemony; this can be defined as the process of male domination in the society. The mass media promotes male hegemonic beliefs when it comes to their domineering tendencies in the sports realm (Shaller). Commentators The field of commentators is largely dominated by men. A study of all major sports media companies indicated that there was an increasing incorporation of racial diversity in their news coverage (Messner and Cooky). But there was little progress with respect to women being given archonship positions or commentator positions. Most of the women in the sports scene are not regular anchors and used as auxiliary reporters. Despite the accomplishments that have been made with respect to women’s sports participation, there is still sexual segregation with respect to women holding influential positions on the sports desk. The commentator makes remarks that do not reflect women’s professionalism in sports. For instance, a commentator said, â€Å"the new mom Candace Parker leads the Los Angeles Sparks,† this was to reinforce the societal stereotype of women. This segregation ensures that the amounts of women sports feature being aired on these main mass media companies wou ld largely remain the same (Messner and Cooky). As already attested to earlier, having more women on board and in positions of making decisions enable them to cover women feature stories better; as they tend to give their female counterparts better airtime as compared to male reporters in the same field. Racial diversity has not yet been emphasized in with regards to women anchors. The study confirmed that women anchors were still largely white, this means that women from all different ethnic backgrounds need to join. This will ensure that women from all walks of life would be able to participate in sporting activities or develop an interest in watching sports feature, this will mirror the accomplishments that have been done by their male counterparts (Messner and Cooky). Gatekeeping A study performed in America showed that mass media companies with female reporters as editors tend to shed positive light to women’s sports. The coverage was seen to be more positive with regard to the progress women have made since the introduction of the Title IX amendment. Despite these the positive indicators, the survey also affirmed that female reporters did not offers equitable coverage to women’s sports as their male counterparts (Kian and Hardin). But women reporters were apt to giving women athletes airtime as compared to their male counterparts. The study also confirmed that when an editor wanted a women’s sport story to be aired, he/she would assign the story to a female reporter; but this assignment is largely considered as trivial as compared to male sports (Kian and Hardin). The study also expounded on the decision-making process editors embroil in when trying to make a story coverage assignment; these factors include work routine, expectation of readers, organizational demand and also the editor’s attitudes and biases with respect to the a women’s sports. All these factors encourage editors to further neglect and put aside women sports in their coverage features (Kian and Hardin). The effects of seclusion The constant neglecting of women in sports has an effect on consumer utilizing the mass media. It impairs their psychology in that they become bias with respect to what games they can watch and which ones not to. These effects can be explained through: Cultivation theory This theory explores the impact the comments made by sports commentators have on their audience (Tanner). This theory is highly applicable to those members of society that are considered to be big consumers of television content. The way these individuals experience the real world would be greatly influenced by the content they have been exposed to while they watched television. The act of cultivation occurs by the continuous accrual of images and voices they pick up while watching television; these pictures and stories that have accrued over time will thus have the ability to skew an individual to be biased against a particular social issue. With respect to sports, people are exposed to sporting actions most of the time during the day; this means they collect images and stories from commentators and store them in their minds. Most of the time, people are exposed to information that does not accurately portray the real image of female athletes. Some of the stories are exposed to sugg est women to be sexual objects and does not highlight their competencies as athletes. The continuous accumulation of negative portrayal of women in sport greatly impacts the ability of the audience to be objective when it comes to female athletes; in the end, they dismiss media coverage of women games (Tanner). Another effect of cultivation theory is the mainstreaming notion. With respect to mainstreaming, heavy consumers of television content are not affected by the gains made by women in the fields of sports. The events happening in social realities have little impact in influencing these types of individuals; factors like politics, regional differences do not resonate with their belief systems (Tanner). Over the decades, women’s participation in sporting activities has increased. But heavy television users are most time oblivious to these facts while watching television (Tanner). They hold the notion that women are sexual beings and are emotional but do not appreciate their prowess when it comes to sporting actions. These types of individuals also believe that women sports are still second tier as compared to men’s sports; this is further encouraged by the use of gender markers while advertising the sporting actions that are going on. Such individuals in society will always view women as sexual objects first before considering them as competent athletes (Tanner). Advertisement revenue Studies indicate that there is a vested interest when it comes to sports journalism. Male athletes are considered to produce the highest turnover with respect to sponsorships, advertisement revenues, and television viewership. In retrospect, mass media companies will gravitate toward covering stories that would culminate in them getting more advertisement revenues. The stories are designed to draw male viewers and increase the advertisement revenues from companies that advertise products while the sports news are commencing. This form of bias against women’s sport relegates women to waiting until the Olympics when they receive considerably better media coverage. In advertising, male athletes are usually chosen (Jones). The reason is because they are more recognized all over the world; this, in essence, means that the advertisement revenue would be higher as compared to when female athletes are on the magazine. Due to the low recognition of women as compared to their male count erparts, media companies are skewed to favor male sports as compared to women’s sports due to the advertisement revenue generated. In most magazines in the United States, men get almost 13 times more photographs in newspapers and sports journals as compared to women athletes (Jones). Agenda Building Through agenda building, mass media conglomerates advertise events they believe are important and the audience should be waiting for (Tanner). This is done by carefully choreographic what events to give airtime to and what not to. As already asserted in the earlier, they do this because they have vested interest in the game. By giving prominence to a particular game and neglect, other sends out a message to the audience that some games are far important as compared to the others. This is what happens to women’s games. The media corporations ensure that they give a lot of airplay to games like Nation Football League as compared to women’s soccer (Tanner). This undoubtedly tells the audience that women sports are second tier to men’s games, the corporations also stand to make a lot of income with respect to advertisement that would be brought to them when they will start airing the games. Another factor that leads to poor advertisements for women’s games is the general lack of interest from viewers. The mass media conglomerates assert that the production of women’s events is below average (Kane). The producers of such events do poorly with respect camera work and graphics editing; the combination of these factors renders women’s events as less attractive to the majorly male dominated viewership. They also assert that some features in men’s games are missing, features like slow motion and broadcasting prowess that is in tandem with men’s games (Tanner). Another factor that diminishes the position of women’s sports in media conglomerates is the fact that men are present in all levels of management; this means that they have a say with respect to what stories to highlight and how the stories are going to be shown. Male dominance ensures that all male sporting events are flashier and more glamorous as compared to women’s sporting events (Tanner). Possible solution For the mass media companies to make positive change with regard to women sports they need to hire more women. As already cited previously, when women are given the opportunity to interview athlete, they stand a better chance of giving fellow women more airtime as compared to their male counterparts (Kian and Hardin). The second possible solution is the media companies changing their agenda-setting strategies. As mentioned earlier, media companies turn viewers focus towards men’s games, it would be fruitful if the same tenacity is provided towards women sports. This will ensure that more fans gravitate towards women’s sports. These companies ought to invest the same amount of technology with respect to graphics like the ones in men’s sports. It has been cited that people dislike women’s sports due to poor graphics and lack of glamor. If this equipment is put in place, the game stands a better chance to gain more following both locally and abroad. Media com panies ought to hire more women commentators who should work alongside their male counterparts (Messner and Cooky). Women commentators will ensure that the use of derogatory phrases and sexually objectifying visuals while depicting female athletes (Kian and Hardin). Another front to improve women sports is the disbandment of gender makers in games. This phenomenon has been cited to relegate women’s games to the â€Å"others† category. The disbandment of gender makers would shed a positive light on women’s sports and make people more willing to watch the games. Finally, media companies have to use media framing in equal proportions; previously it has been used to incline audiences to watch male games as compared to female games. With positive media framing to women’s games, the audience’s psychology towards women’s games would be changed to a less bias one (Shaller). Conclusion Since the enactment of the Title IX act, women have made incredible strides in bringing their sports to the mainstream media. The act ensured that everyone participating in any form of sport funded by the federal government should not be discriminated against with reference to gender or race. But there is a considerable amount of resistance from the mass media companies. In tandem with other factors such as the objectification of women as sexual beings rather than considering their athletic prowess are major roadblocks. It is important and necessary that the media organizations put equal emphasis on the way the share out airtime. The media framing used for the men should also be used to women; this will ensure that the public perception of women’s games is gradually changed. This will ensure that the stereotype associated with women in sports is dispensed with, and a culture of professionalism is cultivated. Commentators are also supposed to refrain from making comments that a re deemed derogatory to women in sports and also refrain from using visuals that don’t represent the professionalism of women participating in sports. References Bernstein, Alina, and Neil Blain. Sport and the media: The emergence of a major research field.Sport in Society5.3 (2002): 1-30. Carlisle, Margaret Duncan et al. Gender Stereotyping In Televised Sports LA84 Foundation. LA84 Foundation. N.p., 2015. Web. 28 May 2015. Cooky, Cheryl, Michael A. Messner, and Robin H. Hextrum. Women Play Sport, But Not on TV A Longitudinal Study of Televised News Media.Communication Sport1.3 (2013): 203-230. Hanson, Valarie. The Inequality of Sport: Women Jones, Dianne. Womens sports coverage: online images of the 2008 Olympic Games.Australian Journalism Review32.2 (2010): 89-102. Kane, Mary Jo. Media coverage of the female athlete before, during, and after Title IX: Sports Illustrated revisited.Journal of sport management2.2 (1988): 87-99. Kian, E. M., and Marie Hardin. Framing of sport coverage based on the sex of sports writers: Female journalists counter the traditional gendering of media coverage.International Journal of Sport Communication2.2 (2009): 185-204. North, Louise. The gendered world of sports reporting in the Australian print media.JOMEC journal(2012). Messner, Michael A., and Cherly Cooky. Gender in Televised Sports.Center for Feminist Research(2010). Tamir, Ilan, and Yair Galily. Women’s Sports Coverage in Israel: Perception Versus Reality.International Journal of Sport Communication3.1 (2010): 92-112. Shaller, Jessica. Female athletes in the media: Under representation and inadequacy.Undergraduate Review: a Journal of Undergraduate Student Research8.1 (2013): 50-55. Tanner, Wendy. Marginalization and Trivialization of Female Athletes and Women’s Sports through Commentator Discourse A Study of ESPN’s SportsCenter. (2011). Womens Sports Foundation,. Womens Sports Foundation. N.p., 2015. Web. 28 May 2015. Www2.ed.gov,. Title IX And Sex Discrimination. N.p., 2015. Web. 28 May 2015.

The Baroque Era Essay example -- essays research papers

THE BAROQUE AGE Social and Cultural Background   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Baroque is a term borrowed from the visual arts and one that is used in many different senses. The Baroque Era applies to the years between 1600 and 1750. The most famous composers of this time were Bach, Handel, Vivaldi and Teleman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Politically it was an age of magnificent absolute Monarch’s. The most magnificent of all was Louis XIV of France. Louis ruled from 1634 until 1713. During this time the need to create a national culture or a regional style that would match or surpass the elsewhere created cultural models was pressed for.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When looking at Baroque architecture it is noticeable that the sculptures and paintings are never still: they are twisted, moving, struggling, and dramatically lighted. Paintings of the Baroque Era focused more on dramatic subjects and experimented with dramatic lighting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Baroque Era was concerned with feelings, the stronger the better. This could be seen throughout the churches. In church structure the proportions are grandiose, they are designed to impress and awe the observers. Gold and rich textures and surfaces can be seen all through the churches.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All of these themes that I have discussed are also clear in the music of the Baroque period. It paints pictures of vibrant colours and triggers strong emotions. The desire to discover these themes is evident in the invention of the exciting new form music, opera, and in the use of operatic techniques in dramatic music for the church. Important Musical Developments   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Composer-performers would strive at becoming Kapellmeisers in this Era. A Kapellmeister is a music director at one of the great courts. They were responsible for all the music performed in the court. These positions were very unstable though and composer were always on the lookout for new opportunities. The responsibilities of performers during this era was to write music at a furious pace due to the demand. Bach, for example, was responsible for one cantata a week while he was music director at Leipzig. Due to the pace the music was written, the performers of the pieces had to fill in the details. Baroque music can therefore be classified as a type of jazz because the soloists would p... ... satisfying effect: the listener of this piece feels the triumph and joy of the text due to it’s easy to follow material. Antonio Vivaldi, â€Å"Spring† from The Four Seasons   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bach and Handel are not the only great composer of this era. Antonio Vivaldi was another master of music during the Baroque period.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vavaldi was born in 1678 in Venice. His father too was a musician, a violinist at St.Marks’s church in Venice. For thirty-six years, from 1704 until 1740, he was music director at the Ospedale della Pieta, a school for illegitimate daughters of the aristocracy. He then left his job to conduct opera in Italian cities. He eventually wrote concertos not only for violin and standard winds-oboe, flute, bassoon-but also for instruments such as the piccolo, mandolin, and guitar.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of his best known works is â€Å"the Four Seasons.† It is a set of four concerti grossi which relate to nature during these seasons. The spirit of childlike playfulness can be seen throughout out this piece which is important to Baroque style. It is very easy to see why Vivaldi’s pieces are still played and enjoyed to this day.